We are shortly coming into what we would term as the ‘ISA season’ and if previous years are anything to go by people will be rushing to get contributions made before the deadline. If you are reading this not really having a clue what I am talking about or you have heard about ISAs but don’t really understand them, then read on.
ISA stands for Individual Savings Account. They are available to anyone resident in the UK aged 18 or over for a Stocks and Shares ISA or 16 for a Cash ISA.
Cash ISA or Stocks & Shares ISA?
So what is the difference between a Cash ISA and a Stocks and Shares ISA?
A Cash ISA is basically very similar to any savings account you will get from a Bank or Building Society; you open an account and will receive an interest rate. The interest rate is unlikely to be very exciting, perhaps 2-3% pa, but you know the value of your savings will not rise and fall on a daily basis.
With Stocks and Shares on the other hand you invest your money in investment assets. Typically we think of shares listed in a global stock exchange such as the FTSE 100 but other asset classes such as gilts, corporate bonds and commercial property are also available.
In fact, having your money spread around the major asset classes is sensible so that you don’t have all of your eggs in one basket.
The general principle is that by investing in a Stocks and Shares ISA you are exposing your money to investment risk so that in return for better returns over the long term compared to Cash ISAs there is a chance that the value of your ISA fund can fall over a day, month, week or year.
What makes them attractive?
They are attractive because any capital gains made on the growth is free from capital gains tax and any income received into the ISA is free from income tax (with the exception of a non reclaimable 10% tax credit on dividend payments from UK Shares).
So what is the ‘ISA Season’?
So what do we mean by the ISA season as referred to earlier; this is the period before the end of the tax year (5th April) when savers and investors rush to make their ISA contributions before it is too late. Every tax year there is a maximum limit that can be contributed to an ISA so if the deadline is missed the opportunity to save or invest that much is lost.
The total ISA limit for the current 2011/12 tax year is £10,680, of which only £5,340 can be saved into a Cash ISA.
So, you have the choice to put £10,680 into a Stocks and Shares ISA or £5,340 into each.
From the 6th April 2012 the allowance is increasing to £11,280 (£5,640 for Cash ISAs) and will increase each subsequent tax year in line with inflation.
Junior ISAs
I mentioned earlier that ISAs were only available to individuals aged over 16. However, since November Junior ISAs have been available for children. The Junior ISA limit is only £3,600 a year and the fund cannot be accessed until age 18 but they do allow parents and family members (anyone in actual fact) to save for a child’s future.
Are there any disadvantages?
Other than the fact that the contribution levels are limited and there is a chance of investment loss with Stocks and Shares ISAs, compared to other investment options there aren’t really any disadvantages.
Unlike pensions you can access the capital at anytime should you need it (unless you have saved into a fixed term Cash ISA account).
In fact, ISAs are an important part of an individual’s personal financial planning so if you have spare capital you want to work harder it is important to consider them in good time so you don’t miss the current deadline.
Equally, if you have ISAs currently it is important to review them to make sure you are still getting the best return possible and they are invested in a suitable way to meet your objectives.